Climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies for the African livestock sector

The production of animal-source foods is becoming increasingly difficult due to the impact of climate change on the livestock sector in Africa. Though, Livestock make a crucial contribution to food security in Africa. Three papers by the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), GIZ, ILRI and World Bank analyze, how Africas future livestock sector can look like.

Adaptation pioneers Kidane and Wilta demonstrating their innovative feed supplements in Ethiopia, © Photo by Apollo Habtamu ILRI

By Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ)

GIZ is a globally active provider of international cooperation for sustainable development. It has more than 50 years of experience in a wide range of fields.

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By International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)

The International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) works for better lives through livestock in developing countries. ILRI is co-hosted by Kenya and Ethiopia and has 14 offices across Asia and Africa. The institute is a CGIAR research centre, a global research partnership for a food-secure future. CGIAR science is dedicated to reducing poverty, enhancing food and nutrition security, and improving natural resources and ecosystem services.

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Livestock are an important supplier of animal protein in Africa and make a crucial contribution to food security. However, the production of animal-source foods is becoming increasingly difficult due to the impact of climate change on the livestock sector. Drought, heat and flooding are affecting livestock productivity, and in some regions, farmers are already being forced to abandon livestock keeping. At the same time, a large proportion of the continent's greenhouse gas emissions come from the livestock sector.

 

The Programme for Climate-Smart Livestock Systems (PCSL) has supported key stakeholders to find solutions to meet the increasing demand for animal-source foods while promoting climate-resilient and low-carbon development of the livestock sector. Within this framework, climate-smart practices and measures, based on the three pillars of climate-smart agriculture – productivity increase, adaptation to the negative impacts of climate change and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, were identified and further developed. Together, the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), ILRI and the World Bank have summarised the most important learning experiences and recommendations for action in three articles.

 

The first article addresses climate-smart practices and measures that can be implemented in mixed livestock systems.

 

Particular attention was given to practices that contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from the largest emission sources - digestive processes of ruminants and manure. Many of the practices under consideration have the potential to simultaneously contribute to adaptation to climate change.

 

Climate-smart practices and measures have been identified particularly in the areas of feeding, herd and health management, breeding, and manure management. Through extensive research the effects of the practices were scientifically validated, and an important database has been created which can be used to support monitoring of greenhouse gases and the tracking of adaptation needs.

 

The second article focuses on pastoralists and extensive livestock systems. Over time, pastoralists have developed many strategies to adapt to the adverse environmental conditions in the regions where they live and work. Climate change and economic and social changes force them to find new adaptation strategies more and more often.

 

They introduce new breeds and management methods, divide and relocate their herds, or change feeding practices.

 

Some pastoralists are particularly successful at making a living in the face of a rapidly changing world. PCSL has identified some of these "adaptation champions" at various research locations in East Africa and supported them in scientifically validating the effectiveness of their adaptation strategies and in passing on the knowledge to other pastoralists in order to anchor their strategies on a broad scale.

 

The third article deals with the measurement of greenhouse gas emissions and the tracking of adaptation needs in the African livestock sector. The project has made a decisive contribution to improving the data base and methods for measuring greenhouse gas emissions and adaptation needs. African experts now have access to data that takes the local conditions of different livestock systems (a so-called Tier-2 approach) into account. Before, they had to rely on generic data from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for estimating greenhouse gas emissions (Tier 1 approach), which has often led to an overestimation.

 

The new data and methods will enable African countries to report their needs for implementing adaptation strategies more accurately as well as progress made towards achieving emission reduction targets under the Paris Agreement.

 

The PCSL was funded by the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and implemented by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GIZ), the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and the World Bank between 2018 and 2022 in various African countries. Please click here to view the articles.

 

For further information please contact Gesine Hänsel, Advisor at GIZ (gesine.haensel@giz.de) or Todd Crane, Principal Scientist for Climate Change Adaptation at ILRI (t.crane@cgiar.org).

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Uprooting the Norm

A Contribution by GIZ

As a passionate social scientist and entrepreneur from Malawi, Ngabaghila Chatata knows that she can overcome any challenge. Her story stands out in a country faced with high unemployment, particularly in its rural areas. As the managing director of Thanthwe Farms, she has set out to inspire the next generation of young agripreneurs – proving that successful business starts with the right mindset, not only capital.



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A diagram illustrates the concepts of decent livelihoods, resilience, protected environment, fairness, and healthy diets globally.

A framework for sustainable and fair agriculture and food systems

A Contribution by Gideon Tups

The guiding orientation framework developed by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) summarizes the requirements for the transformation of agriculture and food systems – and identifies principles and approaches for transformative change.

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A diverse group of women joyfully pose together on a rooftop, celebrating female leadership and empowerment.

Female Leadership: A Key Lever for Transformation?

A Conversation with Carmen Torres Ledezma & Oluwaseyi Kehinde-Peters

Female Leadership is vital to the transformation of agriculture and food systems. Therefore, it is so important to advance gender-sensitive approaches to increase the presence of women in leadership positions in agricultural production and to make these systems more equitable, sustainable and resilient.

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A woman in a blue sari arranges white silk cocoons on a woven wall in a rural setting.

Gender-Transformative Approaches – Unlocking Everyone’s Potential

A Contribution by GIZ

Studies show that women often manage agricultural resources more effectively and sustainably. With equal access to production resources, agricultural yields could increase by up tp 30 per cent. But this is about more than just productivity. How can gender-transformative approaches (GTA) drive meaningful change and why are GTA key to sustainable change?

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A portable radio with an extended antenna sits on freshly cut grass in a field. | © GIZ Ursula Meissner

Twelve countries, two podcasts, one goal 

A Contribution by GIZ

Two new podcast formats from the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) bring stories from on-the-ground project work to life: "Over to you!" from Malawi and "Voices of Change – Beneficiary Story Book" from Zambia. At the heart of these podcasts are the people behind the changes toward sustainable food security.

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Visioning for Resilient Food Systems

A Contribution by GIZ Malawi

Food systems vary widely between communities. While global agendas offer general guidance, effective change requires context-specific interventions at the local level. Placing the needs of local communities at the center of these efforts is essential. The visioning process can help achieve this, says Fyness Lydia Ching’oma from GIZ Malawi.

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“Healthy ground brings good and many fruits”

Interview with Ben Sekamatte and Boaz Ogola

Africa's cotton production plays a key role in the fight against poverty. The "Cotton Made in Africa" initiative promotes sustainable cultivation - one element of which is the use of organic pesticides. Entomologist Ben Sekamatte and cotton company manager Boaz Ogola talked with Jan Rübel about soil and yields.

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Two people tend to seedlings inside a greenhouse, focusing on sustainable agriculture practices.

A classroom in the Garden of Eden

By Iris Manner

Deforestation harms people and the environment. With nurseries, farmers can earn money and do good. You just have to know how to do it

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A man waters plants in a greenhouse while smiling and chatting with a woman, showcasing restoration efforts.

Support for sustainable start-ups

Companies in Africa that need financing between $20,000 and $200,000 find relatively few investors, as this sector is too large for microcredit and too small for institutional investors. This creates a "gap in the middle" where companies have limited options. A project of the World Resource Institute provides a remedy with the Landaccelerator 2020.

A World Resources Institute project

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A woman stands on stage at the Climate Adaptation Summit 2021 with a backdrop of a stylized road and geometric design.

Climate Adaptation Summit 2021: ‘We can do better’

Event report by Jan Rübel (Zeitenspiegel)

The first Climate Adaptation Summit put climate adaptation at the center of politics for the first time. The virtual meeting united global players with one goal: building resilience is just as important as climate protection itself. Around 15,000 participants discussed direct proposals.

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(c) Mali Lazell/GIZ
Ruanda / Kigali, 2020: Teilnehmer des IOT-Trainings im Digital Transformation Center Kigali.

Mr. Samimi, what is environmental change doing to Africa?

Interview with Cyrus Samimi (IAS)

Environmental change is having a particularly strong impact on the African continent. Its landscapes see both negative and positive processes. What is science's view of this? A conversation with Cyrus Samimi about mobility for livelihoods, urban gardening and dealing with nature.

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Young corn plants grow in neat rows across a lush field under a cloudy sky, showcasing sustainable farming techniques.

COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES FOR MORE SOIL CONSERVATION

With the help of sustainable farming methods, soils can be preserved and made fertile again. The investment required is also worthwhile from a financial perspective.

A project of GIZ

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A drone sprays pesticide over lush green tea plantations on a sunny hillside.

Pesticides – a blessing or a curse?

A debate between Lena Luig and Ludger Weß

What are the consequences of using synthetic pesticides in agriculture? Where do they help, where do they harm? Lena Luig, expert for the development policy organization INKOTA, and science journalist Ludger Weß discuss this controversial topic of international scope.

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(c) Sonja Ritter/WWF
Paraguay / Tavapy, Jan. 2020: Kleinbäuerinnen bei der Mate-Ernte.

Resilient small-scale agriculture: A key in global crises

A contribution by Kerstin Weber and Brit Reichelt-Zolho (WWF)

Biodiversity and sustainable agriculture ensure the nutrition of whole societies. But there is more: These two factors also provide better protection against the outbreak of dangerous pandemics. Hence, the question of preserving ecosystems is becoming a global survival issue.

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(c) Christoph Püschner/Zeitenspiegel
Deutschland / Stuttgart, Aug. 2019: Pflanzen, die auf Bienen zur Bestäubung angewiesen sind, sind häufig auffallend bunt.

One Health – What we are learning from the Corona crisis

A contribution by Dr. May Hokan and Dr. Arnulf Köhncke (WWF)

Due to the coronavirus crisis, the connection between human and animal health has gained new attention. Politicians and scientists are joining forces to propagate the solution: One Health. But what is behind the concept? And can it also guarantee food security for all people worldwide?

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A farmer walks through lush coffee plants on a misty morning, carrying a basket for harvesting.

Ms Rudloff, what are the benefits of a supply chain law?

By Jan Rübel

The Federal Government is fine-tuning a law that would require companies to ensure human rights – a supply chain law. What are the consequences for the agricultural sector? Dr Bettina Rudloff from the German Institute for International and Security Affairs (SWP) discusses linking policy fields with added value.

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Two men stand in a sunny field in Ghana, one holding a camera and the other gesturing while speaking.

The Forest Maker and his director

Double interview with Tony Rinaudo and Volker Schlöndorff

Tony Rinaudo uses conventional reforestation methods to plant millions and millions of trees – and Volker Schlöndorff is filming a cinema documentary about the Australian. The outcome so far: An educational film on behalf of the BMZ (Federal Ministry for Economic Co-operation and Development).

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Workers in uniforms and masks sort nuts in a processing facility, showcasing a clean and organized environment.

Freed from trade? Towards a fairer EU Trade Agenda

A contribution by Dr. Jan Orbie (University Gent)

‘Fair’ and ‘sustainable’ are key words in Germany’s EU Council Presidency. At the same time, Germany pursues ‘modernization’ of the WTO and ‘rapid progress’ on free trade agreements. Are these goals really compatible? Can we be concerned about fairness and sustainability while continuing with ‘business as usual’?

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(c) Britta Radike/GIZ
Burundi: Wiederaufforstung der Berghänge gegen Klimawandel und Bodenerosion.

Can we win the race against deforestation?

Interview with Bernadette Arakwiye und Salima Mahamoudou (World Resources Institute)

Deforestation is leading to a shortage of ressources. What are the options for counteracting? A conversation with Bernadette Arakwiye and Salima Mahamoudou about renaturation and the possibilities of artificial intelligence.

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A woman and a man celebrate with a child in front of a backdrop announcing the success of planting 10,000 trees.

From Berlin to Yen Bai: 10,000 trees for Vietnam

A contribution by GIZ and BMZ

It began with clicks at a trade fair and ends with concrete reforestation: a campaign at the Green Week in Berlin is now enriching the forests of the Yen Bai Province in Vietnam. A chronicle of an education about climatic relevance to concrete action - and about the short distances on our planet.

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A man smiles beside a motivational quote about ending hunger on a blue background.

What do you expect from this Pre Summit, Mr. Haddad?

Interview with Lawrence Haddad (GAIN)

Nutrition experts from all over the world are coming together in Rome. They are not only distilling 2000 ideas to improve food systems - they are also preparing for the big UN summit in New York in September. An interview. 

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A man in a suit stands against an orange background next to a quote about producing food with nature.

Mr. Campari, how do we create sustainable food systems?

Interview with Joao Campari (WWF)

Journalist Jan Rübel spoke with Joao Campari ahead of the UNFSS Pre-Summit. The Chair of Action Track 3 highlights key challenges in transforming existing food systems towards sustainable production and shares his expectations for the Summit.

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A large group of people gather under a tree, engaging in a community meeting in a rural village setting.

Land Rights, Gender and Soil Fertility in Benin

A contribution by Dr. Karin Gaesing and Prof. Dr. Frank Bliss (INEF)

Especially in densely populated areas, land pressure leads to overexploitation of available land and a lack of conservation measures. The West African country of Benin, with heavily depleted soils in many places, is no exception.

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The image promotes a counter-mobilization event to transform corporate food systems, scheduled for July 25-28, 2021.

Mr. Marí, what happened at the alternative summit?

An Interview with Francisco Marí (Brot für die Welt)

Brot für die Welt (Bread for the World) did not attend the UNFSS pre-summit. Instead, the organisation took part in a counter-summit that took place at the same time. A conversation with Francisco Marí about the reasons, the process - and an outlook for the future

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An elderly woman in traditional attire selects produce at a bustling outdoor market, surrounded by a group of onlookers.

Food System Transformation Starts and Ends with Diversity

A Contribution by Emile Frison and Nick Jacobs (IPES-Food)

While having failed to solve the hunger problem, industrial agriculture appears to be causing additional ones both in environmental and health terms. Emile Frison and Nick Jacobs call for a transformation.

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Illustration highlighting six innovations combating climate change with images of plants, buildings, and renewable energy symbols.

City, Country, Sea: 6 Innovations in the Fight Against Climate Change

A listicle for climate-neutral agriculture

Vertically growing plants, magnetic cotton. Hairy leftovers fertilizing fields, tractors running on algae? These six innovations could lead agriculture’s next Green Revolution!

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A group of protesters in Stockholm holds climate change signs during a Fridays for Future event in a sunny park.

‘None of the Three Traffic Light Coalition Parties is Close to the Paris Agreement’

An Interview with Leonie Bremer (FFF)

At the climate conference in Glasgow, activists from various groups protested again – Leonie Bremer from ‘Fridays for Future’ was there too. How can climate protection and development cooperation work hand in hand?

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People are harvesting seaweed in a rural aquatic landscape with wooden stakes protruding from the water. | © GIZ

Diversity Is the Fundamental Principle to Use

An Interview with Shakuntala Thilsted

A conversation with aquatic researcher Shakuntala Thilsted on the long-neglected nutrition benefits of aquatic diets and the empowering qualities of a sustainable aqua-food systems transformation.

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A farmer stands in a lush field under a clear sky, tending to crops with a stick.

‘Preserving and restoring fertile soils is a global responsibility.’

An Interview with Jochen Flasbarth (BMZ)

Healthy, productive soils are a prerequisite for global food security – one of the priorities of German development cooperation. State Secretary Jochen Flasbarth on Germany’s efforts to support sustainable land management and why the VGGT are more important than ever today.

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Golden wheat stalks sway gently in a sunlit rural field, symbolizing abundant harvest and natural beauty.

Food security is more than production volumes and high yields

A Contribution by Adrian Muller, Catherine Pfeifer and Jürn Sanders (FiBL)

Taking Biodiversity Focus Areas under production or abandoning lower yielding, more extensive production systems is the wrong approach to mastering the looming global food crisis, say the authors of the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL).

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A woman in a blue shirt and mask sells fresh blueberries at a vibrant rural market stand with various fruits.

Strengthening food markets across the rural-urban continuum

A Contribution by Thomas Forster

How to maintain functioning food markets in global food supply chains in the face of vulnerability and disruption? Markets that support local and territorial food systems are part of the solution. Thomas Forster presents proposals for these markets to cope with future shocks.

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Fishermen in hard hats unload a large net of fish onto a dock from a ship under a cloudy sky.

The fight against illegal fishing

A Report

The oceans are important for our food supply, but they are overfished. To halt this trend the global community is now taking action against illegal fishing. Journalist Jan Rübel spoke with Francesco Marí, a specialist for world food, agricultural trade and maritime policy at "Brot für die Welt," and others.

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Lush green hills stretch across the Chunati Wildlife Reserve in Bangladesh, showcasing vibrant natural beauty. | © GIZ

Working with nature for diversity in farming, climate protection and empowerment

Ein Beitrag von Friederike Bauer

Germany joins the international Agroecology Coalition, reinforcing its commitment to fair, sustainable agriculture and ensuring the future viability of rural areas. By adopting a holistic approach, agroecology is helping to address the greatest challenges of our time: protecting the climate, combating hunger and preserving biodiversity.

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Young corn plants thrive in a sunlit field near Kisumu, Kenya, showcasing vibrant green growth.

The Insect Whisperer

A Contribution by Jan Rübel and Zain Jafar

Agriculture is coming under pressure worldwide: bacteria, viruses and insects are causing problems for crops. In Palestine, Dr. Rana Samara from the Palestinian Academy of Science and Technology is researching solutions to the problem. And she finds them in nature itself.

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A hand selects ripe cocoa pods from a pile on the forest floor in Côte d'Ivoire.

Nature conservation around the world

A Contribution by WWF

From measures to promote biodiversity in Germany to more sustainable cocoa cultivation methods in Ecuador: WWF works at many different levels. At the Green Week, it will be demonstrated just how multifaceted nature conservation work is and what role each individual's decision plays.

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Workers harvest cocoa pods in a lush green plantation, with one person pouring a basket of pods onto a pile.

Guide to a Sustainable Cocoa Sector

A Contribution by Jens Busma

The Federal Ministry ofor Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) presented a revised version of the 10-Point Plan for a sustainable cocoa sector. The plan takes into account new supply chain legislations and current developments. A particular focus is paid to a living incomes, responsible purchasing practices and ecological and climate-friendly cocoa cultivation.

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