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Freed from trade? Towards a fairer EU Trade Agenda

2020-08-19

‘Fair’ and ‘sustainable’ are key words in the programme of the German EU Council Presidency. At the same time, Germany pursues ‘modernization’ of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and ‘rapid progress’ on free trade agreements with Mercosur, New Zealand and Australia. Are these goals really compatible? Can we be concerned about fairness and sustainability while continuing with ‘business as usual’?

The covid-19 pandemic further highlights the vulnerability of global supply chains, such as cashew production in West Africa. © Michael Drexler, GIZ — The covid-19 pandemic further highlights the vulnerability of global supply chains , such as cashew production in West Africa. © Michael Drexler, GIZ

By Ghent University

All contributions

The answer is negative. Instead of further extending the EU’s free trade agenda, the Presidency could use these exceptional circumstances to reflect on radical reforms of the European and global trading system. In this blog, we suggest that the EU cease trade negotiations and we propose three ideas for a transformative trade agenda: (1) halting trade in meat and animal products, (2) making our companies accountable on human rights, and (3) regulating commodity prices.

Rampant free trade

Nobody can be against trade as such. However, there are serious problems with the excessive liberalization agenda of the previous decades. The European and international trade agenda has deepened and broadened to an extent that the overall gains which Adam Smith and co. had in mind have become marginal (or even negative), whereas profits go mostly to multinational corporations. ‘Free trade’ with countries in the global South has been particularly problematic by shrinking policy space and perpetuating neo-colonial power relations.

There is nothing new about these observations. Activists, civil society groups, parliamentarians and other critical observers have fiercely lamented the free trade paradigm since the 1990s. Currently, the EU-Mercosur agreement is being attacked not only for its impact on European agriculture but also for its weak sustainability provisions. Belgian, Austrian, Irish, Luxembourg and even the Dutch parliaments are voicing opposition against the trade deal. It will be a challenge for the German Presidency to finalize the agreement – and one that should not be taken up.

The Covid-19 pandemic further highlights the vulnerability of global supply chains. Not only for ‘us’ in Europe, who lack testing and protective material, but also for ‘them’ in the global South who witnessed radical interruption of exports without adequate safety nets.

The free trade agenda forms part of our growth model. The rationale is that free trade stimulates productivity, competitiveness, economic growth (in terms of GDP) and, by extension, welfare and wellbeing. There are a lot of assumptions behind this reasoning that have been questioned by a mounting body of alternative visions which call for de-growth, post-growth, post-development, foundational, circular and other doughnut economies. These diverse views share a critical position towards the dogma of free trade and the curse of protectionism.

Ceasing trade regimes

However, these ideas seem not to have reached Brussels. So far, the EU’s trade policy response has been to advocate more liberalization with small and temporal exceptions. The Trio Presidency (Germany together with Slovenia and Portugal) aims not only to finalize the trade deals with Mercosur, New Zealand and Australia, it also intends to make progress in trade talks with Mexico, Chile, China and India.

Instead, the ongoing negotiations regarding recent trade agreements with Japan, Canada, Vietnam, the Andean region and several African countries and regions should be abandoned. This would provide space to reflect carefully on their relevance for sustainable development. Currently, Sustainable Impact Assessments (SIAs) of EU trade agreements appear shamefully late, and they are blind to the wider implications of the growth paradigm. For instance, the SIA about the EU-Mercosur agreement only came out in July 2020.

The solution is not to ‘modernize’ the WTO, as pursued by the EU and the German Presidency, but to seek fairer and more sustainable alternatives.

The European Commission will point out that it uses its trade leverage to pursue sustainable development objectives through a separate chapter in its trade agreements. In reality, exactly the opposite is true: these chapters have served as leverage to convince public opinion and parliaments to ratify the trade agreements.

The WTO, too, can be abandoned. This is not really radical: it merely turns the clock back to 25 years ago, when the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) still applied. Despite its flaws, the GATT at least provided a more modest framework for liberalization of goods between industrialized countries. This allowed governments to pursue socio-economic policies that underpinned the creation welfare states in the west. WTO commitments are much wider, deeper and more intrusive. This is mostly experienced by the weaker members. Indeed, WTO rules and dispute provisions only work effectively when they serve the largest economies’ interests – as illustrated by the impasses of the Doha Agenda and the Appellate Body. Hence the solution is not to ‘modernize’ the WTO, as pursued by the EU and the German Presidency, but to seek fairer and more sustainable alternatives.

Curbing meat trade

Restricting international trade in meat and animal products would be a step towards more sustainability and animal welfare. © Hans Braxmeier, Pixabay

An obvious place to start would be to put an end to international trade in meat and animal products. The devastating climate impact and unnecessary animal suffering involved in livestock farming are well documented. This business is also characterized by deplorable working conditions, even in ‘advanced economies’ such as Germany (illustrated with the Covid-19 outbreak in the German slaughterhouse Tönnies). Moreover, critics have pointed to links between zoonotic epidemics and the growth of industrial farming.

World trade in meat shows how far the trading system has been derailed. Importing soy from deforested Amazon in Brazil to feed pork production (to be facilitated by the EU-Mercosur agreement) in Belgium, which pollutes our soils before being exported to Ghana, Ivory Coast or Korea (again thanks to EU free trade agreements with these countries)… that does not really sound like anything fair or sustainable, does it? Animal welfare is mentioned in the German and Trio Presidency programmes, but only in passing and with reference to ‘food labelling’. If we take social, health, environmental and animal welfare issues seriously, the import and export of formerly living animals for human consumption will at some point need to be restricted.

There is much scope for more ambitious action in this area. The Covid-19 crisis has encouraged local and regional trade and even entailed a shift towards more plant-based diets. Instead of attempting to circulate even more animal products across the globe with even more trade agreements, policy-makers should take these societal tendencies seriously and build on them when reflecting on the future of trade.

Regulating commodity prices

Prices of commodities and agricultural products are typically declining and unstable. This has a significant impact: low prices lead to suffering of agricultural producers, whereas high prices cause ‘food riots’ and famine. Such fluctuations do not only result from the ‘objective’ laws of supply and demand: as dependencia theorists already demonstrated in the 1960s, they are also inherent to how global markets function. The latter are dominated by oligopolistic firms (such as Nestlé) and manipulated by intense financial speculation (such as the Chicago Board of Trade).

Over 60% of global cocoa production comes from a few countries in Western Africa. © Leslie Searles, GIZ

Solutions would involve the creation of arrangements that manage the supply of tropical commodities in international trade. The UNCTAD could play a key role, given its decade-long expertise in trade-development issues and its legitimacy with the global South. Lessons could be drawn from the ill-fated calls for a New International Economic Order in the 1950s and 1960s. Moreover, the ‘COPEC’ experiment could be inspiring. In 2019, the Ivory Coast and Ghana created an ‘OPEC for cocoa’ involving a floor price, a ‘living income differential’ and a stabilization fund. This should provide a higher and stable income for workers at the bottom of the cocoa supply chain. Ideally, it would also address the problems of child labour, overproduction and deforestation that have plagued the cocoa sector.

While the merits of this initiative remain uncertain, it should be carefully examined by the EU. If successful, this scheme may be more significant than fifty years of fairtrade initiatives and development programmes in West Africa. European policy-makers may oblige cocoa importers to join the scheme. Similar initiatives for other products and with other countries – inside and outside the EU – could also be considered.

Making companies accountable

The EU could establish legal accountability of our (European) companies for wrongdoings throughout the supply chains. The current tendency is to ‘punish’ or ‘reward’ so-called developing countries according to their compliance with human rights, labour standards and environmental norms. This also features in the Dutch-French non-paper on trade reform in May 2020 and from the EU’s likely imposition of trade sanctions against Cambodia on 12 August 2020. Business and human rights legislation would avoid such neocolonial interference and reorient the responsibility towards our companies that are (in)directly and seriously violating the ethical principles that we claim to cherish.

The Covid-19 crisis has again shown the vulnerability of workers working in textile, IT and agriculture. Fashion giants cancelled orders or failed to pay delivered clothes, with disastrous consequences for women working in the textile industries of Bangladesh and Myanmar. As ethical consumers, we might attempt to boycott C&A, but there is no legal basis to address such abuses of market power.

Fair trade relies entirely on ethical consumers and responsible producers. © Isaac Fryxelius, Pixabay

Additional advantages of binding legislation are that our companies no longer need to elaborate lofty charters on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and that we as consumers no longer need to sift through various product labels. Instead of their ‘hands-off’ approach to fair trade, European governments would again take responsibility. The coronavirus crisis reminds us that governments have a key responsibility to respect our health; in the same vein, we may expect governmental guarantees that imported products are not ‘infected’ by slave labour or heavy pollution.

Things are already moving on this front. In 2021 the European Commission will propose legislation on mandatory due diligence for European companies. Lessons from a similar French law, adopted in 2017, show that such obligations should cover all companies and be sufficiently concrete. In July 2020, two German ministers advocated a supply chain law against exploitation for German companies. This would allow the German Presidency, which pledged to support CSR in relation to a (non-binding) ‘EU action plan’, to play a leading role in European debates on this issue. In the same vein, Germany could engage EU member states in United Nations negotiations on a Binding Treaty on Transnational Corporations and Human Rights. Since these started in 2014, the EU has successfully put on the brakes for an ambitious treaty.

Building a better economy

Critics of free trade are either characterized as old-fashioned protectionists who will drop us into the next depression and world war or as naive do-gooders who idealize prehistoric lifestyles and don’t understand the benefits of globalization. Add to this a selective misreading of Smith-Ricardo, poor interpretations of advances in world poverty reduction, and tributes to the delights of coffee, and the current trading system is sufficiently legitimized.

We may well benefit from some mental distancing of the logic that ever-more trade will benefit us all.

However, discontent with this system is growing. This has so far been captured by far-right populists. European policy-makers would be wise to carefully reflect on alternatives that are transformative. The European Commission’s ongoing Trade Policy Review, which includes a public consultation, may provide an opportunity in this regard.

Our suggestions are not as radical as they might seem. Instead of resuscitating the WTO system and further expanding the EU’s web of trade agreements, we may well benefit from a lockdown of trade negotiators and some mental distancing of the logic that ever-more trade will benefit us all. This is not about halting trade flows altogether, it is rather about restoring the unbalanced situation that we created over the past decades and building a better economy based on recent insights on de-growth, post-development and global justice.

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Controversy: Do supply chains need liability rules?

Discussion about the potential supply chain law

The German government is struggling to pass a supply chain law. It is intended to address violations of human rights, social and environmental standards. What would the consequences be for business? A double interview with Veselina Vasileva from GEPA and economics professor Andreas Freytag.

Four individuals stand smiling at the Food Systems Pavilion during the COP27 event in Egypt, 2022.

G7 Sustainable Supply Chains Initiative: From Commitment to Action

Future generations need more sustainable and stable agri-food systems. But how can this comprehensive transformation succeed and what responsibility does the private sector bear? These questions were the focus of the G7 Sustainable Supply Chains Initiative (G7 SSCI) side event as part of the ‘Champion Youth Action’ day at the 27th UN Climate Change Conference (COP27).

A woman with pink earrings smiles while sitting in a sunny wheat field, under a clear blue sky.

The Answer is Healthy Soil

A Conversation with Nina Mannheimer

The Berlin start-up Klim is forging an alliance between farmers and companies. The aim is to use regenerative farming to remove CO2 from the atmosphere and sequester it as carbon in the soil. An interview with Nina Mannheimer.

Coconuts, Digitalization and the Future

An Interview with Ebun Feludu

Female founder Ebun Feludu wants to bring the coconut value chain to Nigeria with her start-up Kokari. In this interview, she explains why she envisions every coconut palm tree bearing its own name in the future and how digitalization can contribute to this.

A woman sorts cocoa beans in a wooden tray, wearing a colorful floral shirt and traditional patterned skirt.

"We didn't even make it halfway"

Interview with Claudia Brück and Torben Erbrath

The demand for fair-trade cocoa is growing – but how is the industry responding? In an interview, Claudia Brück, Executive Board Member of Fairtrade Germany, and Dr. Torben Erbrath, Managing Director of the Federal Association of the German Confectionery Industry, discuss progress as well as challenges, and why real change can only be achieved through long-term commitment along the entire supply chain.

A man collects natural rubber from a tree, holding a container and tapping tool in a lush forest. | © GIZ

From the Tree to the Street: The Story of Natural Rubber

A Contribution by Carlos Castellanos & Yvonne Bielfeld

The shoe manufacturer Cueros Vélez as a good example of private sector responsibility: the photo gallery shows how the bark of the rubber tree becomes a reliable yet deforestation free companion on our roads.

Aerial view of lush green and golden fields separated by a winding dirt path | © Jaum Jovell.

Bringing minds together

A Contribution by Per Brodersen

“In times of global crises and growing budget constraints, strong partnerships are more crucial than ever” – this statement by Federal Minister Alabali-Radovan in the German Bundestag in mid-May is also a guiding principle for the German Agribusiness Alliance. For greater cooperation between politics and the private sector in development cooperation, writes Director Dr. Per Brodersen.

Stronger toghether: Six collaborations for fair agricultural supply chains

A Listicle by Yvonne Bielfeld

For everyone in the supply chain to benefit, it is essential that politics and business work together. The measurable successes of such partnerships are demonstrated by the following six projects: they show how cooperation with the business sector can make supply chains fairer, more resilient, and more sustainable step by step.

Two women in vibrant traditional attire walk joyfully down a street, surrounded by smiling children.

Enough of being poor

By Marcellin Boguy

In western Africa a new middle class is emerging. Their consumer behaviour is determining the demand for products – home-produced and imported goods, on the internet or at the village market. The people of Ivory Coast in particular are looking to the future with optimism.

Supermarket Scorecard on Human Rights

A contribution by Dr. Franziska Humbert (Oxfam)

Oxfam’s supermarket scorecard, which is in its third year, shows one thing in particular - it works! Supermarkets can change their business policies and focus more on the rights of those people around the world who plant and harvest food. However, this does not happen without pressure.

A gloved hand carefully inspects rows of neatly arranged chocolate bars on a production line.

From start to finish: a vision of interconnectivity

A contribution by Tanja Reith

At the moment, the agricultural industries of African countries exist in relative isolation. Imagine peasant farmers digitally connected to the value chains of the global food industry. How could this happen? A guidebook.

A cluster of colorful cocoa pods rests on a stone surface, showcasing their vibrant hues.

Bitter fruit

A contribution by Frank Brunner

Why aren’t bars of chocolate made where cocoa is grown? Author Frank Brunner analyses the industry’s fragile value chain from the plantation to the supermarket

Developing countries hit doubly hard by coronavirus

A contribution by Gunter Beger (BMZ)

In most African countries, the infection COVID-19 is likely to trigger a combined health and food crisis. This means: In order to cope with this unprecedented crisis, consistently aligning our policies to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is more important than ever, our author maintains.

A person in patterned clothing holds a handful of white corn kernels over a large container, showcasing the grain harvest.

Statement from GAFSP Co-Chairs: GAFSP and COVID-19 Pandemic

A contribution by GAFSP

COVID-19 has unprecedented effects on the world. As always, the most vulnerable are the hardest hit, both at home and - especially - abroad. A joint appeal by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Development and Cooperation (BMZ) and the Department for International Development (DFID).

A group of children holding pots eagerly wait in line for food distribution outdoors.

Can this end world hunger?

A report by Stig Tanzmann

Time to dig deeper: We can only benefit from technical progress if we have a solid legal framework for everybody. But so far, none is in sight - in many countries. Instead, international corporations grow ever more powerful.

The communicator

A contribution by Jan Rübel

What do electrical engineering, telecommunications and agriculture have in common? They arouse the passion of Strive Masiyiwa: Thirty years ago, he started an electrical installation company with $75, later riding the telecommunications wave as a pioneer. Today he is committed to transforming African agriculture.

The 'Grey Gold'

A contribution by Maria Schmidt (GIZ)

The Cashew Council is the first international organisation for a raw material stemming from Africa. The industry promises to make progress in processing and refining cashew nuts - and answers to climate change

Borderless food security

A contribution by Christine Wieck

Enabling smallholders to trade across regions and borders promotes food security and economic growth. Although everyone is calling for exactly that, implementation is still difficult

“They said: You can do it”

A contribution by Bread for the World

As President of the IABM cooperative in Muhanga, Alphonsine Mukankusi is not simply focused on the figures. She has learned how to deal with people and how to take on responsibility. At the same time, her work helps her to come to terms with the past

Read more “They said: You can do it”

(c) dpa Picture-Alliance — Heuschreckenplage im Hochland von Madagaskar.

Actual Analysis: The locusts came with the crises

A report by Bettina Rudloff and Annette Weber (SWP)

The Corona-Virus exacerbates existing crises through conflict, climate, hunger and locusts in East Africa and the Horn of Africa. What needs to be done in these regions? To face these challenges for many countries, all of these crises need to be captured in their regional context.

A worker in a yellow shirt tends to a lush palm oil plantation, surrounded by tall trees under a bright sky.

No rainforest for our consumption

A contribution by Jenny Walther-Thoß (WWF)

In the tropics rainforests are still being felled for the production of palm oil, meat and furniture. It is high time to act. Proposals are on the table.

A herd of cattle walks along a rural road under a clear sky, guided by herders.

Our Food Systems are in Urgent Need of Crisis-Proofing: what needs to be done

An Artikel by TMG

Based on a scientific study by TMG Think Tank, the authors highlight various challenges in the fight against the hunger crisis. The findings show that climate change, conflict and covid-19 are increasing food and energy prices.

A large red cargo ship loaded with colorful containers sails under a bright blue sky with scattered clouds.

2022, a year of crisis – What does it mean for African trade and food security?

A Contribution by Ousmane Badiane

The Africa Agriculture Trade Monitor 2022 (AATM) was published by IFPRI and AKADEMIYA2063. The report analyses the short- and long-term trends and drivers of African agricultural trade flows, including regional policies and the role of global markets.

A tugboat guides a massive cargo ship loaded with colorful containers across the ocean, symbolizing David vs Goliath.

David versus Goliath: Consequences of mainstream agricultural export commodities and niche products

An Artikel by the Initiative for Sustainable Agricultural Supply Chains (INA)

A study published by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) examines the differences between globally traded agricultural commodities and domestic niche products in terms of economic, environmental and social impact on the region of origin. The results provide new evidence to make supply chains more sustainable.

The chart shows the FAO food price index from 2005 to 2022, highlighting crises and a rise during COVID-19.

COVID-19 and Rising Food Prices: What’s Really Happening?

A Contribution by IFPRI

Taking a look at the data (as of February 11th 2022) what the current price hike means for world hunger and what can be done to prevent from another food crisis.

Hands hold an open cacao pod displaying the white seeds inside, highlighting the raw chocolate source. | © GIZ Ute Grabowsky

Côte d’Ivoire: Sweet Temptation without a Bitter Taste

A Story by GIZ

Until Easter 2022, GIZ publishes a new episode every fortnight introducing people who are committed to fair and sustainable cocoa in Côte d'Ivoire and Germany.

A bunch of yellow bananas is displayed with a purple banner promoting fair trade and climate awareness.

Fair Trade and Climate Justice: Everything is Conntected

A Contribution of the 'Initiative for Sustainable Agricultural Supply Chains' (INA)

Fair Trade organisations and the Initiative for Sustainable Agricultural Supply Chains (INA) have launched the #ichwillfair campaign during COP26 to highlight the link between global supply chains and climate change.

Vendors in a bustling Bangladeshi market display vibrant vegetables in circular baskets on the ground.

Agricultural prices and food security – a complex relationship

A Contribution by Dr. Fatima Olanike Kareem and Dr. Olayinka Idowu Kareem

High agricultural prices affect developed and developing countries alike, but the problem is aggravated for the latter through the lack of or inadequate resilience measures. Dr. Fatima Olanike Kareem, AKADEMIYA2063, and Dr. Olayinka Idowu Kareem, University of Hohenheim, explain what can be done to mitigate the negative effects on food security.

A group of people stands in line outdoors, waiting at a registration table under a tree.

The Principle of Sharing

A contribution by gebana

gebana, a Swiss fair trade company, follows the principle of "sharing" with its corporate philosophy: farming families in the Global South participate directly in the sales of their online shop. Caroline Schaar, Marketing at gebana, explains the company's approach.

Earth’s well, all’s well!

A Contribution by Fairtrade Germany

With the annual topic "Earth’s well, all’s well!", Fairtrade Germany is focusing on the concept of agroecology at all levels - and is thus taking the next step towards achieving greater global sustainability. At the Green Week trade fair, Fairtrade Germany will show how this can be achieved taking the cocoa supply chain as an example.

How does the ALDI SOUTH Group buy, Mrs Roach?

A Conversation with Sally Roach

Many of ALDI SOUTH Group supply chains begin in the Global South. How does the food retailer assume its responsibility? Questions for Sally Roach, Senior Manager - International Sustainability Department at the ALDI SOUTH Group.

A person tends to drying coffee beans on raised beds under a bright blue sky in a lush rural setting.

Improving The World, Sip by Sip

A Conversation with Maura Oerding

Maura Oerding has a mission: With the specialty coffee Angelique's Finest, she not only wants to enter new markets but also revolutionize the coffee industry. Her recipe for success? Empowering women from Rwanda and Uganda from cultivation to marketing. Oerding’s goal: quality, fairness, and self-determination in every bean.

A woman at a trade show proudly displays organic food products in front of a booth showcasing diverse packaged goods.

BIOFACH as a game changer for organic producers

A Contribution by Claudia Jordan

In 2025, GIZ and the Import Promotion Desk (IPD) celebrate ten years of successful cooperation. With their joint stand at BIOFACH trade fair in Nuremberg, they were able to introduce over 300 organic companies of partner countries to the European market. And the journey continues – despite challenges on the global market.

A woman smiles confidently inside her small shop, surrounded by various goods, symbolizing economic equality and care.

The Gap the Economy cannot afford

A Study by CARE

In a new study, the international humanitarian agency CARE analyses how the economic and social barriers faced by women significantly reduces the global gross domestic product (GDP). At the current rate, it will take 152 years to close the economic gap between women and men – although closing this gap would be extremely profitable from an economic perspective.

Women are weighing and distributing grain at a rural grain bank in India, showcasing community cooperation.

Working with Informality: Unlocking Community-Led Solutions Towards Zero Hunger

A Contribution by TMG

Amid rising global hunger, urbanization, and shrinking international funding, informal food systems are crucial for food access and livelihoods in low-income African urban areas. The TMG Think Tank’s paper, “Working with Informality for Food Systems Transformation and Resilient Communities,” highlights the importance of recognizing and working with informality to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 2.

A person in a blue sleeve harvests ripe coffee cherries from a vibrant coffee plant.

Why Food is about Power, not Just Supply Chains

A Contribution by Mary Karanu

Food systems are often reduced to production and trade. Mary Karanu of Welthungerhilfe in Kenya shows that they also reflect social and political orders, shaping power relations, the recognition of labor, and structural vulnerability across smallholder contexts in Africa and global supply chains.

A smiling farmer carries a tool in a lush green field, while a woman proudly holds a basket of harvested produce.

Ideas on the ground: Local solutions for global challenges

Interview with Sebastian Lesch (BMZ)

A world without hunger and with sufficient healthy food as well as climate-friendly agriculture can only be achieved if ideas are transformed into innovations and ultimately also applied - a conversation with BMZ Head of Division Sebastian Lesch on the Innovation Challenge programme of the new Agricultural Innovation Fund.

“Corona exposes the weaknesses of our nutritional systems"

Interview with Arif Husain (WFP)

The United Nations plan a Food Systems Summit - and now the Corona-Virus is dictating the agenda. The Chief Economist of the UN World Food Programme takes stock of the current situation: a conversation with Jan Rübel about pandemics, about the chromosomes of development - and about the conflicts that inhibit them.

Two farmers attentively inspect rice plants in a lush, green field, showcasing agricultural dedication.

The price isn’t everything

By Bettina Rühl

In Togo’s capital, Lomé, home-grown rice costs almost twice as much as the imported product from Thailand. Yet there are good reasons for preferring the local product

The Big Bang is possible

Interview with Joachim von Braun

Happy youngsters in rural areas, green development and the connection to the digital age – professor Joachim von Braun believes in this future sceneraio for Africa. For three decades the agricultural scienties has been researching how politics can create prosperty on the continent.

Ebay Against Hunger - How an App Supports Crop Sale of Rural Small Holders in Zambia

Small holders around the world are often forced to sell their harvests below market value due to a lack of market and pricing information. A new app by the UN World Food Programme (WFP) is going to change this.

A project of WFP

A smartphone screen displays the word "NOTAGER" with a diagonal slash, set against a green and white background.

Story: In Blocked Chains We Trust

A contribution by Solomon King Benge

It is 2080. We are on a farm somewhere in Africa. Everything is digital. The blockchain is an omnipotent point of reference, and the farm is flourishing. But then, everything goes wrong. A dystopian short story, written exclusively for SEWOH.

Fishermen and women sort fresh fish into colorful buckets by the lakeside, engaging in a lively market exchange. — Kisumu in Western Kenya: Landing of the small sardines on the shore of Lake Victoria. © Dirk Ostermeier, GIZ

Small fish with a big potential

A contribution by Paul van Zwieten

African inland fisheries are increasingly reliant on the capture of small fish species that are sundried and traded over long distances. They make an important contribution in alleviating “hidden hunger”: consumed whole, small fish are an important source of micronutrients. Only that, unfortunately, politicians haven’t yet realised this.

Do we have to dare a new food system?

A contribution by Dr. Felix zu Löwenstein (BÖLW)

Lack of seasonal workers and virus explosion in slaughterhouses, rising vegetable prices, climate crisis – all this demonstrates: Our food system is highly productive and (at least for the rich inhabitants of planet earth) guarantees an unprecedented rich and steady food supply - but it is not resilient.

A large audience attentively listens to a speaker on stage during a conference in a well-lit auditorium.

Visions in agriculture

Video by Frank Schultze and Jan Rübel

At the beginning of December 2018, AGRA's board of directors met in Berlin. The "Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa" panel discussed the next steps in their policy of modernizing agriculture. How to go on in the next ten years? One question - many answers from experts.

"Soy can be made into more than just flour"

A report by Johanna Steinkühler (GIZ)

The soybean is a natural crop that can be used to make a lot of food. So, Tata Bi started a small processing business first on her own, then with a few other women, which provides the women with an additional source of income year-round besides selling the soybeans.

(c) Christoph Pueschner/Zeitenspiegel — Somalia / Mogadischu, Juli 2011: diese Frau floh mit ihren Kindern aus dem 250 Kilometer entfernten Baidoa in das IDP-Camp Al-Hidaaya. © Christoph Püschner/Zeitenspiegel

Global responsibility: Tackling hunger is the only way forward

A contribution by Lisa Hücking (WHH)

Chancellor Merkel has begun an ambitious European political programme: Striving for compromise in budget negotiations, an orderly Brexit as well as an appropriate response to the corona crisis. Unfortunately, one of her positions that she previously held is nowhere to be found: Africa's prosperity is in the interest of Europe.

A smiling woman wearing a colorful headscarf stands in a sunlit field, exuding joy and confidence.

Africa's face of agriculture is female

A contribution by Beatrice Gakuba (AWAN-AFRIKA)

Africa has a huge opportunity to make agriculture its economic driver. However, the potential for this is far from being made exhaustive use of, one reason being that women face considerable difficulties in their economic activities. The organisation AWAN Afrika seeks to change this state of affairs.

A man in a red shirt hands cash to a customer through a service window with a sign about mobile money in the background.

News from the starting block: Changeover

A contribution by Michael Brüntrup (DIE)

The region of Sub-Saharan Africa is on the decisive verge of a great development boost in farming: it could skip entire generations of technological development. But how? About possible roles and potentials of digital services.

A globe surrounded by farms and food illustrates the global impact of food loss and waste, with a "Driven to Waste" headline.

How much do we actually waste, Mr. McFeely?

An interview with Peter McFeely (WWF)

The WWF has published a sensational study on food waste. The focus: farm-stage food waste. Peter McFeely, Global head of communications and strategic planning at WWF, explains what needs to be done.

In Haute Matsiatra, two fish farmers work with nets in a rice paddy, while another sits on a rock overlooking the fields.

Sustainable Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture in Rural Areas

Fish is important for combating malnutrition and undernourishment. But it is not only notable for its nutritional value, but also secures the livelihoods and employment for 600 million people worldwide.

A Project of GIZ

The image shows a BMZ publication cover on sustainable agri-food systems with Earth and a focus on ending hunger.

Nine Harvests Left until 2030: How Will the BMZ Organise Itself in the Future?

An Interview with Dirk Schattschneider (BMZ)

"One World no Hunger" (SEWOH) becomes one of the five core themes of the BMZ. Dirk Schattschneider, SEWOH Commissioner about previous approaches, future areas of action, and the political will to end hunger.

A complex network of colorful wires is intricately connected on a white circuit board, demonstrating electrical engineering.

The Future of Development Politics: Voices from the Parliamentary Groups

A Contribution by Journalist Jan Rübel

Representatives of the six parliamentary groups offer their views on the future of German development cooperation.

A hand picks vibrant cocoa pods from a pile on the ground in a lush forest setting, showcasing the cocoa story.

Côte d’Ivoire: The Future Starts With Food

A Contribution by GIZ

How nutrition trainer Edwige helps cocoa farmers in Côte d’Ivoire to prepare for a healthier future.

Five tips to reduce food waste

A listicle against food waste

Whether it's banana bread made from brown bananas, conscious shopping plans or foodsharing, we give you five tips on how to reduce your everyday food waste.

The Case for Fair Fashion

A Contribution by Jan Rübel

On the podcast ‘From the Field to the Shelf’, Marie Nasemann calls for new attempts to promote fair fashion. An evening about burnt returns, filterless washing machines and a lot of room for improvement.

Knowledge about spice production

A listicle regarding spice production

The global trade in spices currently has a volume of over 10 billion euros. But at what price do these spices refine our Christmas cuisine? On closer inspection, aspects of the value chain leave a bitter taste.

Rows of young plants are neatly arranged in a field, surrounded by lush greenery and a forest backdrop.

New legal initiatives towards deforestation-free supply chains as a game changer

A Contribution by Gerhard Langenberger

Regarding deforestation free supply chains, there are challenges and opportunities for smallholder farmers as well as for international forest governance. Also, responsibilities for companies and potential incentives for manufacturers to use materials from fair trade and sustainable sources need to be explored. But what does “deforestation-free” actually mean?

A person in colorful clothing gathers fluffy cotton into a large sack under a clear blue sky.

Achieving more together – New forms of cooperation for sustainability in the cotton sector

A Contribution by Saskia Widenhorn

Saskia Widenhorn, Head of the Cotton Component in Cameroon and the Sub-Saharan Cotton Initiative at GIZ, reports on the Bremer Cotton Week, which brought together international industry experts. The agenda included supply chain transparency, sustainability and new forms of cooperation between the private sector and partner countries.

Rows of young rice plants grow in a well-organized pattern, showcasing the SRI method in a lush green field.

The Rice Sector in West Africa: A Political Challenge

New insights on trade and value addition in the rice sector in West Africa

Low import tariffs, smuggling activities, unpredictable tax exemptions and weak enforcement of food safety standards: The potential of local rice value chains is undermined in West African countries.

A rooster with vibrant red comb and detailed plumage stands alert behind a wire fence in a rural setting.

Do import restrictions really benefit the local poor in West Africa?

A contribution by Isabel Knößlsdorfer

Protectionist policies like tariffs supposedly protect domestic producers if they cannot compete with cheaper imported products. Some African countries have therefore opted to impose such import restrictions for a number of products. For the case of chicken imports in Ghana, this study analyses whether restrictions would lead to overall positive or negative welfare effects among households.

A group of people walks through a field in Tanzania, with vibrant sunflowers blooming under a clear sky.

Sang'alo Institute invests in farming of sunflower crop

A contribution by James Wanzala

Kenya is a large importer of vetable oils mainly from Indonesia and Malaysia - amongst them sunflower oil. Due to the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine, there were supply bottlenecks and food shortages, leading to less affordable vegetable oils in Kenya. As a response to the lack of supply, the Sanga'alo Institute of Science and Technology, took that impulse, teamed up with the GIZ and established regional cultivation and refinement of sunflowers.

From field to fan shop: how to increase supply

A contribution by Jan Rübel

Organic cotton is extremely popular – but farmers still find it difficult to change their conventional cultivation methods. A new project addresses this dilemma: Bundesliga football teams in Germany are promoting the switch to organic cotton in India. And thereby setting an example.

An illustrated map showcases diverse agricultural and food-related activities on a vibrant island setting.

The Agri-Food Map: An interactive map to explore sustainable agri-food systems

A Contribution by GIZ

The complex interrelationships of the sustainable transformation of agricultural and food systems are not always easy to understand - the Agri-Food Map, an interactive online app, makes the comprehensive relations accessible by providing a wide range of comprehensibly prepared information.

A man waters crops in a sunlit field using a green watering can, promoting sustainable agriculture practices.

Strengthening the market linkages of smallholders in the face of global supply shocks

A Contribution by Niladri Sekhar Bagchi

The consequences of the Russian invasion of Ukraine have enabled many countries to open up new export markets for their agricultural goods. However, smallholder farms have been largely left out. Drawing on his experience in India, our author gives a brief overview of how this can be changed.

Tall trees with lush green leaves form a canopy against the sky in a Vietnamese forest. | © GIZPhan Nhat Anh

From Coexistence to Collaboration

A Contribution by Initiative für nachhaltige Agrarlieferketten (INA)

The demand for sustainable products and supply chains is constantly increasing. DIASCA is an alliance that works on interoperability of digital solutions in agricultural supply chains through the development of open standards for forest monitoring, farm income and traceability.

A person stands joyfully with outstretched arms in a creatively decorated atelier featuring golden accents and various artworks.

From the perennial to the catwalk – banana silk as an alternative

A Contribution by Paul Kadjo

The textile industry contributes significantly to environmental pollution as it produces over 100 billion garments every year, resulting in huge CO2 emissions and water consumption. Fashion designer Paul Kadjo uses banana silk as an environmentally friendly alternative to make textile production more environmentally conscious and socially just.

The Idea of Coffee entirely made by Women

A Conversation with Allan Mubiru

Allan Mubiru was standing in front of a shelf in Kigali, Rwanda, and discovered a local type of coffee. He took it, tasted it and was thrilled. A story about a grocery shopping trip that became the beginning of a successful business idea.

Aerial view of lush green fields and dense forests in Chebangang, Kericho County, showcasing a harmonious landscape. | © Wallace Gichunge

How a Tea adds to Forest Conservation and Food Security

A Contribution by Wallace Gichunge

The Nyayo Tea Zones Development Corporation is committed to the preservation of forests in Kenya: The establishment of so-called buffer zones counteracts deforestation by planting trees and tea. In addition to the production of environmentally friendly tea, the project benefits the resources of the forests and the livelihoods of the communities living near the forests, says project manager Wallace Gichunge.

Delegates sit around a large conference table at the Global Forum for Food and Agriculture, discussing sustainable practices.

Bioeconomy: Ready for a Joint Take-Off?

A Contribution by GIZ

The bioeconomy movement is fundamentally changing agriculture and food production: through innovative ideas, environmentally friendly approaches and the realization that we need to work together globally to ensure that change truly benefits everyone. At this years’ German Forum for Food and Agriculture (GFFA), the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) focused on this topic.

A large video wall displays numerous participants in a virtual conference with a "goes virtual" banner prominently featured.

GFFA 2021 focussed on climate and COVID-19

A report by David Sahay (Zeitenspiegel)

110 speakers from 120 countries met virtually at the Global Forum for Food and Agriculture (GFFA) to discuss the challenges to global food supply. They asked the question: How can food systems support the health of people and the planet?

Farmers energetically harvest and toss potatoes in a vibrant field, showcasing teamwork and productivity.

"Farmers are smart"

Interview with Maria Andrade

From the lab to the masses: Maria Andrade bred varieties of biofortified sweet potatoes which are now widely used all over the continent. She sets her hope on the transformation of African agriculture.

The state of food security in Cape Town and St. Helena Bay

A study by Markus Hanisch, Agustina Malvido, Johanna Hansmann, Alexander Mewes, Moritz Reigl, Nicole Paganini (SLE)

Post-Covid-19 lockdown: How food governance processes could include marginalised communities - an extract of the results of an SLE study applying digital and participatory methods.

Four smiling children joyfully eat together at a table, sharing bowls of food in a warm, vibrant setting.

School Feeding: A unique platform to address gender inequalities

A contribution by Carmen Burbano de Lara (WFP)

Besides the well known impacts of Covid19 lockdowns for the adult population, the associated school closures led to 90 percent of the world’s children with no access to schools. However, school meals are in often the only daily meal for children. Without access to this safety net, issues like hunger, poverty and malnutrition are exacerbated for hundreds of millions of children.

A man in a cap and blazer speaks at a podium during a presentation on small business competition winners.

How do you campaign “Food Systems”?

Interview with Paul Newnham, Director of the SDG 2 Advocacy Hub.

The UN Food Systems pre-Summit in Rome dealt with transforming the ways of our nutrition. How do you bring that to a broad public? Questions to Paul Newnham, the Director of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2 Advocacy Hub.

What is wrong with our nutrition in Germany, Mr. Plagge ?

An interview with Jan Plagge (Bioland)

Vitamin-poor nutrition must become more expensive, in-vitro meat is not a panacea, and agricultural systems should be more decentralised. Bioland President Jan Plagge in an interview about the challenge of (future) world nutrition.

A traditional Namibian meal featuring oshifima, roasted meat, and beans is displayed on woven baskets with a colorful cloth.

African Nutrition - 'Try It at Home'!

A Video Series by Agribusiness TV and GIZ

Share in the taste of African Nutrition – Try it at home! The mini-series showcases traditional, nutritious dishes across the African continent.

A man in a blue suit speaks into a microphone while others listen attentively in a conference setting.

Felix Phiri and two decades of Agriculture

A Conversation with Felix Phiri

Felix Phiri has been Head of the Department of Nutrition, HIV and AIDS at the Ministry of Health in Malawi for almost 20 years. A conversation about constants and change.

A woman in traditional attire inspects fresh vegetables at a bustling market, embodying voices from vibrant local cultures.

From Pledges to Progress: Nutrition at the Heart of Inclusive Development

A Contriution by GIZ

At the Nutrition for Growth 2025 Summit in Paris, Team Europe, comprising the European Commission and Member States, put nutrition at the centre of international politics as a driver for resilience, equality and human rights. There is a consensus on the results of the summit: to turn commitments into concrete progress through strong partnerships and innovative approaches.

A woman stands in a lush field holding freshly picked vegetables, with others in the background at the N4G Summit.

Working together to improve global nutrition

A Contribution by Jan Rübel

The global fight against malnutrition needs more than just words - as demonstrated by the Nutrition for Growth summit in Paris. With comprehensive commitments and clear receivables, a signal has been sent: Healthy nutrition must become a global priority. But what do participants from countries such as Yemen and Timor Leste think?

A group of five smiling individuals stands in a bakery, showcasing freshly baked goods on metal racks.

With the power of fried bread

A contribution of Jan Rübel and Fabio Rappenecker

With a simple but effective idea to combat malnutrition: in Nairobi, Fabio Rappenecker and his start-up TenX Nutrition produce mandazi, which become a real power biscuit thanks to added micronutrients. The aim is to strengthen food security through local, affordable and healthy food.

The Architecture of Nutrition

An Interview with Sachin Gupte

Nutrition rarely fails for lack of knowledge, but for lack of structure. In conversation with Dr. Sachin Gupte from PATH, attention turns to the often unseen foundations of food systems – where climate pressures, political frameworks, and economic realities shape what can endure, and what cannot.

Let Me Tell You: How Zambia Uses Comics and Animation to Inspire Healthy Eating

By Jana Anouk Mansour

As part of the “Let Me Tell You” series, children across Zambia are discovering fun stories that teach the importance of good food and healthy habits such as fish. Let’s dive into one of these tales together…

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Freed from trade? Towards a fairer EU Trade Agenda

By Ghent University

Rampant free trade

Ceasing trade regimes

Curbing meat trade

Regulating commodity prices

Making companies accountable

Building a better economy

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