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An Interview by Jacob Häberli
Food systems structure social realities – from access to land and lived labor environments to the question of who is politically included and who remains excluded. Whether claims can actually be enforced also depends on access to law and legal institutions. In this interview, Camara Castro reflects on how legal work in Kenya can help reduce the distance between law and lived reality and open up new spaces for more just and future-oriented agri-food systems.
To begin with, could you describe how your personal biography led you to engage with agriculture, food security, and empowerment in Kenya?
Thank you, Jacob. I am a fourth-year law student at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, and my engagement with food security, agriculture, and youth empowerment originates from a broader commitment to social justice. When I joined the university, I joined the Legal Clinic Club, which is a social justice organization within law school. I later on joined Amka Africa Justice Initiative which introduced me to access to justice within the agriculture and food systems. While working in this field, I began to notice a significant disconnect between society and the law. I noticed a gap in how legal frameworks interact with the food sector vis-à-vis the interest of communities. This observation motivated me to focus more deliberately on legal empowerment within agri-food systems.
Over time, this has become a niche area for me. After engaging in a series of pro bono legal aid services at the community level, I see legal aid and the dissemination of legal information, especially by young people, as central to advancing legal empowerment in agriculture and food security.
From your engagement in universities, civic spaces, and networks such as P4C, how do young people themselves understand the main challenges and possibilities within food systems in Kenya and across Africa?
A central challenge is a generational disconnect. Many young people are experiencing a clear shift in mindset and are increasingly open to change within food systems, but this often encounters resistance due to societal dynamics.
Despite this, young people remain a significant force for transformation. Through my work with law students, young lawyers, university legal aid clinics, and early-career advocates, I have seen how youth-led initiatives promote access to legal information and services. Food systems are increasingly understood by young people as sites of justice and inequality that requires intervention.
At the same time, the legal system has not always fully recognized these concerns. There remains a broader societal perception problem surrounding agriculture. Through our work at Amka Africa Justice Initiative, particularly in collaboration with university legal clinics, we identified a disconnect between the legal profession and society. We approach this disconnect as an opportunity to bridge the gap and cultivate professionals who are able to respond to societal challenges.
How, in practical terms, can legal education and civic organisations help young people move from awareness to participation in decision-making processes?
Participation in decision-making requires awareness and literacy on legal matters. To ensure that young people participate in decision making, we have developed, as a concrete response, a legal empowerment manual that provides detailed processes of public participation not only in agriculture and food systems but also in general matters of public interest.
The core issue we identified was not the absence of law, but the inaccessibility of legal knowledge. People may know that laws exist, yet they often do not understand how to seek intervention or participate in decision making over matters of their interest.
This is where the access to justice gap becomes visible. Legal education frequently relies on complex language and technical jargon. Our intervention has therefore focused on translating legal information into clear and accessible formats that communities can engage with and that enable them to participate effectively in matters that involve them.
How does this transition from legal knowledge to concrete action become visible in practice, based on an example from your work?
At Amka, this transition becomes most visible where legal knowledge does not stop at information, but translates into concrete action. The legal empowerment manual serves as an important starting point, on which further legal support is built. Our work spans advocacy, research and publications, intergenerational mentorship programmes, as well as legal aid and information services that are closely aligned with one another.
A central example is our current representation of 107 women in a constitutional petition before the High Court in Kajiado County. For more than twenty years, these women had been excluded from leadership positions within their communities, despite playing a central role in local agri-food systems. Through legal support, they were able for the first time to articulate their experiences as legal claims and to engage state institutions that had previously been perceived as inaccessible.
Similar dynamics also emerged in our work on labour law awareness for women in agriculture and in cases involving exploitative contract farming. In both contexts, the problem was not the absence of regulation, but the lack of capacity to make use of existing legal instruments. Through targeted training and sustained support, these situations became identifiable as legal violations and therefore legally actionable.
Shifting to a broader scale, networks such as the Partners for Change (P4C) network aim to connect knowledge, policy, and practice. Based on your experience, what distinguishes effective collaboration from symbolic cooperation?
I would relate this to the P4C workshop, which was particularly instructive. In the discussions and in the emerging synthesis paper, we identified three the three main architects in food systems: the state, the private sector, and civil society organizations.
Effective collaboration among these actors requires trust, but trust on its own is insufficient. When trust is not accompanied by binding obligations, it risks remaining symbolic. In my view, meaningful collaboration depends on institutionalizing trust through legal frameworks that ensure accountability and follow-through. This form of collaboration will create a binding obligation upon the three main architects hence making it effective rather than symbolic.
Building on these examples, and looking ahead, what roles do you see for young people in reshaping food systems towards equity, sustainability, and justice in Kenya and beyond?
Young people need to recognize the disconnects within society and understand that these gaps require deliberate action. Youth remain an energetic and influential force for change, with a strong awareness of social and political dynamics across the African continent.
Through education, young people are able to translate academic knowledge into social practice. Young people are the central change agents of the norms in the community. Legal knowledge is particularly important, especially in areas such as landownership and agriculture. I would challenge young lawyers to apply their academic, socialtraining in ways that directly respond to societal needs. From my perspective, youth are game changers with the capacity to transform food systems in Kenya and across Africa. I challenge my fellow youths to apply this energy in transforming the agri-food systems.
Finally, drawing together your reflections from Kenya and from transnational networks such as P4C, what call to action would you address to young people working in food systems globally?
My call to action returns to the three key architects in food systems: the state, the private sector, and civil society. We need to move beyond trust as a loose or rhetorical principle and work towards making trust a binding commitment.
Young people should be at the forefront of advocating for binding trust among the three architects. By embedding trust within legal and institutional obligations, collaboration can become transformative rather than symbolic. I encourage young people working in the sector to appreciate that accountability must underpin sectoral cooperation if food systems are to become equitable, just, and sustainable.