Amid the growing challenges of global hunger, rapid urbanization, and reduced international funding, informal food systems play a vital role in ensuring food access and livelihoods – particularly in low-income urban areas across the continent of Africa. The position paper “Working with Informality for Food Systems Transformation and Resilient Communities”, published by TMG Think Tank for Sustainability, explores why recognizing and working with informality is essential for achieving Sustainable Development Goal 2: Zero Hunger, and for building resilient, inclusive food systems in fragile contexts.
The Töpfer Müller Gaßner GmbH (TMG) as a "Think Tank for Sustainability" supports the implementation of sustainable development targets and the Paris Climate Agreement.
Amid rising global hunger, rapid urbanization, and shrinking international cooperation budgets, the paper from TMG argues that working with informality must become a strategic priority to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 2: Zero Hunger. In fragile and low-income contexts – where the impact of crises are most severe and formal social protection systems are weakest – the informal economy plays a vital role in ensuring food access, generating livelihoods, and fostering community resilience. Yet, informal actors are often excluded from policy processes, lack access to resources, and remain unsupported by public infrastructure. Recognizing this role begins with acknowledging a key reality:
The informal economy is not a temporary or marginal phenomenon – it is here to stay.
Today, 60 per cent of the world’s workforce is informally employed. In Africa, that figure rises to 84 per cent. As sub-Saharan Africa undergoes rapid demographic shifts and formal job creation continues to lag, the majority of new jobs will emerge in the informal sector. In this context, informal food systems are not peripheral – they are essential, especially in low-income urban neighbourhoods where they often provide the only access to affordable food and income opportunities.
In these contexts, where formal institutions fall short, informal, community-led mechanisms step in to fill critical gaps. TMG Research’s work in Cape Town, for instance, documented how community kitchens evolved during the COVID-19 crisis into spaces not just for nourishment but for care, safety, and solidarity – particularly for women and children facing gender-based violence. In Nairobi’s Mukuru informal settlement, TMG explored the vital role of women-led eateries in maintaining food access and creating employment opportunities in settings where formal employment is scarce.
Across the African continent, informal food systems form the backbone of urban food security. Approximately 70 per cent of urban households rely on informal markets, street vendors, and kiosks for their daily food needs. These vendors offer food in smaller, more affordable quantities, extend credit during periods of hardship, and adapt their offerings to local purchasing power and preferences. By filling critical gaps left by formal systems, they ensure consistent food access – particularly for food-insecure residents of informal settlements. Yet, despite their essential role, informal vendors remain largely unrecognised in public policy, operating under legal uncertainty and facing precarious working conditions.
This disconnect between essential service provision and lack of official recognition underscores the need for a new approach. Rather than treating informality as a temporary phase or problem to be fixed, it must be embraced as a source of innovation and resilience. TMG’s research in Nairobi and Cape Town demonstrates that informality is not just reactive but generative. In collaboration with local partners, TMG co-developed and tested scalable, community-led social innovations, including an alternative school meal programme model reaching children excluded from public services, food vendor associations that strengthen collective voice and action, and cooperative savings schemes that sustain community kitchens. TMG’s work shows how working with informality can unlock community-driven social innovations that are both cost-effective and grounded in lived realities – making increasingly relevant as international cooperation funding tightens.
Despite the informal economy’s crucial role in urban food security and the promise of working with informality, existing regulatory frameworks often impose rigid, uniform standards that informal actors cannot meet – especially in under-serviced informal settlements lacking basic infrastructure like sewage and clean water. Well-intentioned food safety regulations, when applied inflexibly, risk deepening exclusion rather than fostering compliance. The position paper calls for a shift toward progressive regulation: simplified licensing, flexible standards, and inclusive policymaking that enables informal actors to meet public health goals without being penalized for conditions beyond their control.
Moreover, working with informality is also a pathway to gender equality. Women are disproportionately represented in informal food systems, often balancing unpaid care responsibilities with income-generating work. TMG’s research highlights how their self-organized initiatives reduce care burdens, generate income, and create local safety nets. Supporting their leadership and enabling their inclusion in policy processes is essential to advancing women’s rights and recognizing their contributions to urban food systems. Ultimately, the paper calls for a paradigm shift: working with informality must become a central pillar of international cooperation. With Africa’s youth population growing and formal employment opportunities limited, the informal economy will increasingly shape livelihoods and futures.
Progress toward Zero Hunger and resilient, inclusive food systems depends not on sidelining informality but on embracing it as a vital partner in sustainable development.
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At the start of World Food Week around World Food Day on 16 October, Chancellor Angela Merkel stressed that the fight against global hunger will only be successful with international responsibility and solidarity (german only).
From measures to promote biodiversity in Germany to more sustainable cocoa cultivation methods in Ecuador: WWF works at many different levels. At the Green Week, it will be demonstrated just how multifaceted nature conservation work is and what role each individual's decision plays.
The Agriculture and Food Security Cluster of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH in Zambia shows how synergies among different projects and partner organisations can help people to eat healthier, diversified food. A delegation of the Bonn based Division of Agriculture and Rural Development learned this in a field visit in the Eastern Province of the Southern African country.
Felix Phiri has been Head of the Department of Nutrition, HIV and AIDS at the Ministry of Health in Malawi for almost 20 years. A conversation about constants and change.
Every second, worldwide, we lose valuable and healthy soil with the size of four football fields. This was only one of the many facts being presented to a wide audience in Bonn and worldwide via livestream at the World Desertification and Drought Day on 17th June 2024. This was the 30th anniversary of the United Nations Convention on Combatting Desertification (UNCCD), which was celebrated at the Bundeskunsthalle in Bonn.
In Himachal Pradesh, India, natural disasters are becoming more frequent and climatic conditions are changing – with negative consequences for apple production and farmers' livelihoods. Holistic and multidimensional innovation bundles are required for the entire value chain in order to make the food system more resilient in the future.
Africa’s largest youth generation has the potential to transform agriculture sustainably. Young entrepreneurs like Febelsa in Mozambique are building agricultural businesses that fuel local growth.
The guiding orientation framework developed by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) summarizes the requirements for the transformation of agriculture and food systems – and identifies principles and approaches for transformative change.
A Contribution by Emmanuel Atamba & Larissa Stiem-Bhatia
Drawing on dialogues with experts in Kenya, TMG Research releases its latest policy brief highlighting the critical need to strengthen coordination mechanisms in food systems governance. Emmanuel Atamba and Larissa Stiem-Bhatia from TMG Research summarize the results.
Diversifying our protein supply to include plant-based foods and cultivated meat can be a game-changer for climate mitigation and climate adaptation, especially in the countries of the Global South. However, a great deal of research is still required to capitalise on this potential. And political support, as Ivo Rzegotta, Good Food Institute, demonstrates.
From January 9 to 11, 2025, heads of state and government of the African Union met in Kampala, Uganda. With a clear vision and concrete measures, the Kampala Agenda aims to make the continent's agricultural and food systems climate-resilient, fair and future-proof by 2035.
At the Nutrition for Growth 2025 Summit in Paris, Team Europe, comprising the European Commission and Member States, put nutrition at the centre of international politics as a driver for resilience, equality and human rights. There is a consensus on the results of the summit: to turn commitments into concrete progress through strong partnerships and innovative approaches.
The global fight against malnutrition needs more than just words - as demonstrated by the Nutrition for Growth summit in Paris. With comprehensive commitments and clear receivables, a signal has been sent: Healthy nutrition must become a global priority. But what do participants from countries such as Yemen and Timor Leste think?
With a simple but effective idea to combat malnutrition: in Nairobi, Fabio Rappenecker and his start-up TenX Nutrition produce mandazi, which become a real power biscuit thanks to added micronutrients. The aim is to strengthen food security through local, affordable and healthy food.
Two new podcast formats from the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) bring stories from on-the-ground project work to life: "Over to you!" from Malawi and "Voices of Change – Beneficiary Story Book" from Zambia. At the heart of these podcasts are the people behind the changes toward sustainable food security.
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