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The future of agriculture lies in the hands of young people. Genna Tesdall from YPARD explains what they need.
What can political science and what can politics do for agriculture?
Genna Tesdall: During my studies, I always found it very difficult that we were only using hard science tools to solve all the agricultural problems, because I really saw that there were many questions of political economy where we could have solved challenges. So in my master's, I studied a pathogen of banana. And really one of the questions that I saw was: Why do we have only Cavendish on the banana market? How can we study this from a political economy perspective? Because if we had more than one variety in the market, maybe we could make things more diverse. Sometimes it's really hard to see how we can mobilize groups of people to get those things to happen. That's the biggest challenge because that could theoretically not take very much money in comparison to technological solutions, for example. So I think we can really do a lot with politics and activism, and that’s what we’re doing in YPARD – bridging science with policy and practice – from local innovators to global policy stages. But we have to believe that we can do it. And if we believe that we're just individuals and that we can never change anything, then it's going to be really hard. And there's a lot of that disempowering narrative happening. I'm not naive. I know that the fossil fuel industry has had a huge influence in talking about personal carbon footprint and all of this. But at the same time, there's got to be a reason why we get up in the morning and do the things that we do.
Do politicians listen to you?
There is a lot of momentum to go in a particular direction, and it's very difficult to break. Throughout my career, I do see that change happens, but it happens over time with the willingness from politicians to listen. 10 years ago, when I first started advocating for youth issues, the battle was to get youth beyond the role “be seen and not heard.” We’ve made huge progress in that area; now youth are consistently consulted, even if often in a tokenistic manner. We are able to bring forward platforms on human rights, agroecology, and a just transition. What’s harder is to press back on the politicians when they are not honoring their commitments to these platforms; since the engagement is tokenistic, it’s a great way not to get invited the next time. So our position in advocacy is not secure.
We’re also not naive as youth activists; there is a huge role that corporate interests are playing. They're very able to fund everything that they want to do for their activism, and they usually don’t align with a human rights and agroecology-centered approach. And so that's a huge challenge, because who gets listened to is also a factor of who can fund more people to go talk to the politicians.
Young Professionals for Agricultural Development (YPARD) is an international network for young people in the field of agricultural development that promotes global exchange between emerging professionals and experts. Through mentoring programs, capacity building, and advocacy work, the movement supports young people in their professional growth and in making their expertise visible within the sector. Its goal is to strengthen the voice of youth in agricultural policy processes to collectively shape a sustainable and just future for global food security.
Let’s take a look at agriculture in general. What should be changed?
We believe that there should be people's leadership in the agricultural system. What does that mean? For one, it means an agroecology and human rights-based approach. In practice we see, increasing farm sizes, increasing need to invest more capital to be able to even start farming or be farming. It should be possible for a young person to enter agriculture, to be able to access a plot of land and start farming, even if they're not inheriting land from their father or grandfather. That's holding so many young people back: we don’t have access to productive assets. Young people should be able to take leadership positions and really have a leading role in this change. Of course, we advocate for agroecology approach as well. We really believe that helps because it's centered a lot around people's leadership and community leadership. Our current agricultural system, in a lot of cases, doesn't respect most people, it doesn't respect most living beings.
Are young people more open to the change you are advocating?
You see that young people tend to be on that curve of early adopters. Young people have generally less vested interest in the system. So we don't already own land, we don't already have a retirement plan, we don't already own houses or businesses. And so we also have the latitude to dream what that new world could look like and really make it feel like our own as well. And everyone loves their own idea– including youth! Hence, that's a great way to make change happen in our view. Of course, we don't want to be adversarial against past generations – I think that would maybe differentiate some of our activism from other activism, because we really do believe we have a lot to learn from each other, and we want to work in cooperation. But while acknowledging that we're in a vulnerable position, we're in a position that is often told to be seen and not heard. And we're going to speak up. We're going to say how we want things to happen. And sometimes that's going to be different than how things have been done in the past.
But why is there a greater need for young people in agriculture?
There's less young people than ever before in agriculture. We need people who can envision new futures, who can see things in a different way, who want to be in rural areas and make things happen, to start businesses and lives there.
And we also need young people in order to constitute the food system…
Of course, we need people to be in food systems. And I think that's something that we're not planning well. Currently, we don't have a strong eye on what's going to happen to our food supply, to food processing, to food distribution, if we're not allowing people to have good livelihoods in these areas. We know food systems have some of the most dangerous and indecent working conditions, like exposure to dangerous machinery, toxic pesticides, low wages, precarious wages. Then you wonder why people aren't in these professions. These poor conditions are not a working environment I would wish for my child, for example. So we have to take that on, or we're going to have a really big challenge with food production. And that may seem really far off, but it's not that far off.
So now you're talking about the problems and the challenges for food system. What constitutes a fair and good food system in your eyes?
A fair and good food system in our eyes is one that respects human dignity, the dignity of living beings – it respects the human rights approach but also provides just good, decent livelihoods for people where they feel that they can also be a little bit creative with what they're doing, that they can put their talent to work. I mean, think about the things that make you feel like you have a worthwhile profession or worthwhile life. This is what we want to be able to imagine for young people in the food system. We imagine that going to then smaller structures. That you can really have a community level organization.
That's also the reason why YPARD was founded?
YPARD was founded around 20 years ago to connect young people all around the world in agriculture, because the founders of YPARD were at a conference and they realized there aren't very many young people here. We should make sure that we stay in touch.
They were young back then…
Yeah, and so they said: Well, we need to make sure that we stay in touch and also are systematically empowering each other to do something productive in this food system, because of course, we had these challenges 20 years ago. And so that's the idea of why YPARD is to connect to young people, to really fulfill their full potential in this area, because I think it can feel very lonely when you're in the food and agricultural space; as a young person, first, trying to make a career and connecting with your peers can be really empowering because you can ask those silly questions or ponder those difficult aspects of being in this sector. And then also have the courage to just try something out together. And I think that's the beauty: You make your own mistakes, you make your own successes, and then hopefully you learn from the mistakes, and then you continue more on the path that gave you success.
And what are you trying out at the moment?
We're working a lot with what we're calling community solutions fellowships and internships. A group of young people getting together and saying, hey, there's a problem in my community and I want to solve it. And so they apply with this solution to the project. It can be either in its idea stage or it can be already being implemented. And then they get a fellowship of about ten months and they're coached. They get learning modules related to their project, and of course then connected to others in the sector, both in their country and around the world, so that they can help then get that project off the ground. So we're building their professional skills, but also their networks and also that project at the same time. We're in about the third iteration of this type of model. And of course we're learning a lot from doing this model, but we see that there's so much demand. When we opened up our last call for applications, we had six slots, and in about three days we got 500 applications. So that's a good sign for us that we should continue doing things in this direction and keep tinkering on the concept.
And what brought you into agriculture?
My grandparents were farmers in rural Iowa. And so when I was around ten years old, my grandparents passed away and the farm was sold off. I think if I would have been a little bit older, then I would have been the one to say, oh, please let me farm it. But that wasn't how the cookie crumbled. But I was always really interested in farming and agriculture and had this connection. That's what brought me to it. But I also, at the same time grew up in a university town in Iowa. I had a lot of friends who came from international backgrounds. And so that kind of led me to this this career in development cooperation then.
Where do you see YPARD in ten years’ time?
Personally, I would love to see being able to start more learning centers in communities to help make this vision of localization happen more strongly. Our new strategy says that we want to work more on localization at the country level, at the local level. What exactly that work looks like? I can imagine having great learning centers for people where people can come have an experience, learn more about different agricultural techniques and connect. We have these models all around the world, but there's still so much need for it. It sounds like such a simple idea, but there's still so many areas that don't have them. Sometimes we don't have to invent something crazy and new, we just have to do something well.
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